What effect does Bernoulli's equation not account for?

Bernoulli's equation is a fundamental principle in fluid dynamics that describes the conservation of energy in flowing fluids. It applies under certain ideal conditions, assuming the flow is steady, incompressible, and non-viscous, and that there are no energy losses due to friction.

While Bernoulli's equation accounts for gravitational potential energy, represented by the height of the fluid in a gravitational field, it does not consider the effects of friction and viscosity, which are critical in real-world applications. In viscous fluids, energy is lost to heat due to internal friction between fluid layers, which is not captured in Bernoulli's equation. Thus, the correct answer highlights that friction, which leads to dissipation of energy in the fluid flow, is not accounted for in this equation, making it effective only for idealized scenarios.