Which one of the following statements concerning the derivation or usage of Bernoulli's equation is false?

Bernoulli's equation is derived under the assumption of an ideal fluid, which means that it considers a fluid that is incompressible and has no viscosity. Consequently, the equation does not take into account energy losses due to friction, which would occur in real-world fluids that exhibit viscosity. When applying Bernoulli's principle, the conditions assume a streamlined flow, and the analysis typically centers around conserved quantities: pressure energy, kinetic energy, and gravitational potential energy.

The first statement about vertical distances being measured relative to the lowest point within the fluid is true, as potential energy considerations depend on the chosen reference point. The second statement correctly indicates that viscosity is neglected during the derivation of Bernoulli's equation, reinforcing the ideal fluid assumption. The third statement accurately reflects that Bernoulli's equation applies primarily to incompressible fluids, aligning with its foundational principles.

In summary, while Bernoulli's equation facilitates understanding fluid dynamics under ideal conditions, it does so without accounting for factors such as viscosity and friction, making it clear that energy losses due to friction are not part of its framework.